Sunday, March 8, 2009

Villanelle: Miranda By W.H. Auden




My dear one is mine as mirrors are lonely, 1
As the poor and sad are real to the good king, 2
And the high green hill sits always by the sea. 3

Up jumped the Black Man behind the elder tree, 4
Turned a somersault and ran away waving; 5
My Dear One is mine as mirrors are lonely. 6

The Witch gave a squawk; her venomous body 7
Melted into light as water leaves a spring, 8
And the high green hill sits always by the sea. 9

At his crossroads, too, the Ancient prayed for me, 10
Down his wasted cheeks tears of joy were running: 11
My dear one is mine as mirrors are lonely. 12


He kissed me awake, and no one was sorry; 13
The sun shone on sails, eyes, pebbles, anything, 14
And the high green hill sits always by the sea. 15

So to remember our changing garden, we 16
Are linked as children in a circle dancing: 17
My dear one is mine as mirrors are lonely, 18
And the high, green hill sits always by the sea 19


A villanelle or the italian villano meaning "peasant," is originally a dance-song, sun by a Renaissance troubadour with rustic themes and no real form. After Jean Passerat's 16th century villanelle "J'ai perdu ma tourtourelle", the modern form of a villanelle developed. The poem is 19 lines , five triplets, and a quatrain (using only two rhymes throughout). The first line is repeated in lines 6, 12 and 18 while the thrid line is repeated in lines 9, 15 and 19. This creates a refrain like a traditional song and creates the final stanza.

Miranda, is connected to Auden's prose "The Sea and the Mirror" which is a commentary on Shakespeare's "The Tempest." The villanelle in general is the song of the character Miranda, who sings of the images of love while dispelling childhood nitghmares, "Up jumped the Black Man behind the elder tree/The Witch gave a squawk; her venomous body." She begins her song by apostrophizing her beloved and directly addressing him throughout each stanza. Using strong imagery "The sun shone on sails, eyes, pebbles/Down his wasted cheeks tears of joy were running/" to convey the emotions Miranda feels while addressing her love and can compare to Shakespeare's type of writing style.




The repeating lines "My dear one is mine as mirrors are lonely/And the high, green hills sits always by the sea" shows her happiness at finding her "dear one" and the eternity of their union compared to the mirrors constant loneliness. These ideas relate to the metaphor of the mirror always winning against the sea because it can become the sea by reflecting it. However, the mirror is a euphemism of loneliness because it only reflects the image of something and can never be eternally bonded, like Miranda is singing of with her impending union.




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